A new hybrid variational model is presented for image denoising, which in-corporates the merits of Shannon interpolation, total generalized variation (TGV) regularization, and a symmetrized derivative regularization term based on l1-norm. In this model, the regularization term is a combination of a TGV functional and the symmetrized derivative regularization term, while the data fidelity term is characterized by the l2-norm. Unlike most variational models that are discretized using a finite-difference scheme, our approach in structure is based on Shannon interpolation. Quantitative and qualitative assessments of the new model indicate its effectiveness in restoration accuracy and staircase effect suppression. Numerical experi-ments are carried out using the primal-dual algorithm. Numerous real- world examples are conducted to confirm that the newly proposed method outperforms several current state-of-the-art numerical methods in terms of the peak signal to noise ratio and the structural similarity (SSIM) index.

Reviewing the damage caused by landslide proves the need to examine the factors influencing the occurrence of this phenomenon and the prediction of its occurrence. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to improve the prediction of landslide occurrence in the Taleghan watershed using Shannon Entropy Theory. Among the factors influencing the occurrence of landslide, ten factors of elevation, slope, slope direction, geology, vegetation, land use, water congestion, fault, road, rainfall as independent variables and sliding zones were considered as dependent variables. Then, using the entropy index, weighing was calculated for each of these factors based on their effectiveness, and the value map of each parameter was calculated according to its weight. In the next step, by mapping these maps with the map of landslides, a risk zoning map for the basin was drawn up. After calculating the Shannon entropy index, it was determined that 86% of the landslide area is in three medium-risk, high-risk and highly hazardous areas, indicating that the final map of the zoning is based on the correct method. Also, the total quality index (Qs) in this method was equal to 2. 3, which indicates that this method is more reliable and more suitable for zoning of landslide hazard in Taleghan watershed. The accuracy of the method (P) for the entropy model was equal to 0. 24, indicating a more appropriate resolution of the risk zones in this method.

Earthquake of November 11, 2017 (Mw=7.3) in Ezgeleh village of Sarpol-e Zahab city in Iran, triggering numerous slope instabilities of various types of rockfalls, rockslides, avalanches and mud flows. The existence of a very high inherent potential and susceptibility of the region, on the one hand, and the occurrence of a strong earthquake as a driving factor, on the other hand, have been the main reasons for the instabilities in the region have been the main reasons for the instabilities in the region. The number of slope instabilities caused by this earthquake was rare compared to earthquakes with similar magnitude and thus requires more detailed investigations. The main objective of this study is to make a landslide hazard zonation map in this region, using Entropy Shannon’s model, and compare the results with the landslides that triggered by the Ezgeleh earthquake. Preparing a map can identify and distinct low-risk and high-risk areas regarding soil and rock slope instabilities. The earthquake showed that such a map can help significantly to the future construction activities in the region and mitigate the loss of lives and properties. The landslide conditioning factors such as Slope Angle, Lithology (geology), Geological Strength Index (GSI), Slope Aspect, Distance to Faults, Pick Ground Acceleration (PGA), Plan Curvature, Distance to Roads, Distance to Rivers, Land Use, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Topographic Wetness Index (TWI), were extracted from the spatial database. By using these factors, weights of each factor were analyzed by index of Entropy model and the map of landslide hazard zonation were prepared, using Geographical Information System (GIS). The results showed that more than 31.37% of the surface of the area has a moderate to very high hazard of landslides. From 335 landslides identified, 235 (≈ 70%) locations were used for the landslide susceptibility maps, while the remaining 100 (≈ 30%) cases were used for model validation. Finally, the ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curve for landslide hazard zonation map was drawn and the areas under the curve (AUC) were calculated. The verification results showed that the index of Entropy model (AUC = 84.3%) has a high accuracy that is assumed as very good.

Seeking new sources of groundwater as a source of drinking water in the world due to increasing demand for this vital world is necessary and inevitable. In recent years due to excessive interpretations of these resources the plains are dropping in a way that the depletion of aquifer is more than feeding it. And it causes a negative balance and positive feedback and finally leads to collapse of system. Factors such as population growth, the need for food, the need to improve health and social welfare, industrial development and the protection of ecosystems is increasing water demands every day. That's why the choosing an appropriate and effective, yet professional approach, in order to solve problems faced by water resource management, is necessary. Identify underground water resources, identify areas with high potential and improving the removal of these resources are the most important goals. The study area is the catchment area of NURABAD MAMSANI of about 756 square kilometers is located in Fars Province in the northwestern part. In this study, the Shannon entropy were studied using 9 raster layer of the area to locate potential sources of underground water basin. And the results of the study showed that the lowest sensitive areas located in the Central Plains that it will take approximately 64% of the areas. And more sensitivity is related to the southern plain which is equal to 2% that is covered 16 kilometers of the area. Results of Shannon entropy model using (ROC) curve showed that the amount of AUC is 85% which is a high and acceptable amount.

Extended abstract Landslide risk zoning is one of the basic measures to deal with and reduce the effects of landslides. Vernesara watershed is one of the areas where many landslides have been observed in different parts of it. In this research, in order to zone the risk of landslides using the entropy index, first the ranges of landslides were determined, then the effective factors in the occurrence of range movements were prepared in the ArcGIS software environment, and a landslide susceptibility map of the studied area was prepared. . The prioritization of effective factors using Shannon's entropy index showed that the slope layers, land use, surface curvature, topographic humidity index and topographic position index had the greatest effect on the occurrence of landslides in the region. Also, zoning landslide sensitivity with the mentioned model and evaluating its accuracy using the ROC curve shows the very good accuracy of the model (79. 6 percent) with a standard deviation of 0. 0228 for the studied area. The zoning map shows that the low-risk areas cover only 13% of the area and more than 56% of the area is in the area with high risk of landslides, which indicates the high potential of the area in the occurrence of landslides. . Construction at a distance from fault lines, waterways and the steep Asmari Formation and safety of communication routes are the most important measures to reduce the amount of damage caused by landslides in Vernesara watershed. Key words: natural hazards, landslide, entropy, folded Zagros.

Social life is one of the most important human needs which should be addressed in the context of urban life. As a science which is considering the organization of public environment of human life, municipal engineering should comprise the necessary measures to respond to these human needs. The concept of “social sustainability” has its foundation in human needs and in “sustainable development” framework while makes sustainable society as a proper perspective of a human society. From the beginning of conceptual framework of “sustainable development” which is propounded from the ending years of twentieth century, the social sustainability has been considered as one of its triplet aspects. Although the concept of “social sustainability” is propounded in social sciences, the achievement of this goal and, subsequently, a “sustainable society” requires an interdisciplinary movement. Moreover, considering promotion in social sustainability in the format of urban planning policies and strategies have been less considered in urban plans and programs. The issue that how the urban planning knowledge and profession can help promotion in social sustainability in the city and its concentration area which is urban public fields is essential and requires exploration and compilation of scientific responds. Meanwhile, in an environmental context, the environmental sciences, such as municipal engineering, play a significant role toward attainment a sustainable society. Regarding to this aim, codification of indicators in municipal engineering which influence on promotion of sustainable society, provides a framework for urban designers and planners. Since creating “urban place” is one of the most important concerns of urban designers and planners, and “place” is a special meaningful case of “space” which compounds with human norms and values, these indicators are noted in this research as “place indicators”. Therefore, the intended purpose of “place indicators of social sustainability” are qualitative indicators which, firstly, consider the conceptual context of “place”, and secondly, define the social sustainability and influence on its promotion in urban spaces. The purpose of this paper is finding out a model of indicators to be served as a conceptual framework in urban designs and plans to promote social sustainability. To develop this model and achieve precise and refined indicators, the “Delphi Method” and “Shannon Technique” is used in this paper. Two main questions of this study are (1) which the effective place indicators are in promoting the social sustainability; and (2)   How we can develop a model of these indicators with Delphi Method. The Delphi method is a structured communication technique or method, originally developed as a systematic, interactive forecasting method which relies on a panel of experts. To answer to questions by Delphi Method, the viewpoints of ten municipal engineers are gathered in two stages through interviewing and surveying. A semi-structured interview, in the first stage, was held. In this interview, at first, it is tried to deliberate the experts’ approaches in “social sustainability” and its relationship with municipal engineering, and then detect the most effective factors in promoting the social sustainability in their viewpoint, and afterwards, share the results with them to cognize their opinion. In these interviews, the agreements of experts with local approach to social sustainability, and the difference with the global one, is also studied. After the first stage, and analyzing the interviews, the effective indicators in promoting the social sustainability, or the so-called, “space codes” are extracted out of the viewpoint of these ten experts. Common codes are excluded by corresponding with the place codes extracted from the resources, and finally, 23 codes are determined as effective codes in social sustainability. These codes, then, in second stage of Delphi Technique, are checked again by ten experts in form of close questionnaire with 5 Likert Scale. Hereafter, the data gathered from questionnaire is analyzed by Shannon Technique to carry the prioritization and weighting procedure. Being more precise regards to frequency of data. Findings show that the most important category of effective place indicators in promoting the social sustainability is “safety” which includes safety, security and privacy of urban areas. The second important one is “activatability” which includes diversification of activities, commixture of control, user confounding, accessibility, proper utilities, and local mosques and bazaars. Accordingly, “skeletal integrity” provides the lowest effect among the indicators. Experts believe that among the single indicators, “diversification of activities” and “accessibility” have the highest effect, and “identity” has the lowest effect on social sustainability. Finally, the place indicators model is developed and presented, while it influences on social sustainability promotion. This model includes 21 indicators in 5 major category: security, activatability, identity, people-orientation, and skeletal integrity. The weight and the order of indicators’ order in each category is presented.

Mass movements of materials are divided into slip, flow and creep, among of which landslides always cause heavy financial and economic losses worldwide. In this study, based on the analysis of landslides in Shahroud Basin, effective vectors were rated. Using ArcGIS software, the spatial distribution of 183 landslides in Shahroud basin was analyzed and interpreted in fault, waterway, road, lithology, slope, aspect, precipitation amount and height. According to the effect of different vectors, and the spatial distribution of landslides in Shahroud basin, points were scored and entropy matrix was adjusted for them and landslide occurrence in Shahroud basin was zoned. Based on the results of applying Shannon entropy model in Shahroud basin for landslide zoning in terms of landslides, high-risk zones accounted for 41.79% and an average of 52.76% of the basin area. The adaptation of landslide risk zones of Shahroud basin shows the concentration of 74.86% of landslides on slopes of 10-40°, 64.97% in marl, conglomerate, and basalt lithologies, 87.97% at altitudes 2123-823m, 85.79% in semi-arid and temperate rainfall classes (685-315mm) on land surfaces with slope in the western direction, 55.74% at a distance of 0-300m from the river, a distance of 0-500m from the fault and at a distance of 1000-500m from the road. The concentration of danger and landslide zones in the two central parts of Taleghan subspecies and after the joining of Alamut and Taleghan rivers and the formation of Shahroud River is more than other areas. Such changes in landslide distribution due to nonlinear compliance of this geomorphological event are influential factors. The occurrence of landslides is a function of the interaction between factors rather than their abstract effects.

In today’s competitive market, for a business firm to win higher profit among its rivals, it is of necessity to evaluate, and rank its potential customer segments to improve its Customer Relationship Management (CRM). This brings the importance of having more efficient decision making methods considering the current fast growing information era. These decisions usually involve several criteria, and it is often necessary to compromise among possibly conflicting factors. In this paper a new extension of fuzzy Techniques for Order Preferences by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) based on Shannon entropy concept for customer segment selection is proposed. Fuzzy set theories are also employed due to the presence of vagueness and imprecision of information. The contribution of this paper is that it provides a framework for MCDM which considers vagueness and ambiguity as well as allowing to set multiple aspiration levels for customer segment selection problems in which ‘‘the more/higher is better’’ (e.g., benefit criteria) or ‘‘the less/lower is better’’ (e.g., cost criteria).At the end, a numerical example of this approach is shown to illustrate its effectiveness.